The Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) was established in 1979 at the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development. It was restructured by the General Assembly in 1992 to better address the rapidly changing technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The CSTD serves as a subsidiary body of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), providing a forum for member states to examine how technological advancements impact economic and social progress, particularly in developing countries. The Commission’s primary role is to advise ECOSOC and the General Assembly on science, technology, and innovation policies, offering recommendations to help countries harness technological change for sustainable development. It addresses a wide range of issues, including digital access, emerging technologies, and innovation systems, with a focus on reducing global inequalities and ensuring that developing countries are not left behind. The CSTD also promotes international cooperation by bringing together governments, experts, and stakeholders to share knowledge and best practices. Over time, its mandate has evolved to reflect rapid technological change and the increasing importance of digital inclusion and innovation in achieving global development goals. Today, the CSTD plays a key role in shaping how the United Nations approaches science and technology, supporting efforts to build more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable societies worldwide.

The use of AI is rapidly expanding as industries, governments, and individuals integrate it into everyday use. AI has been a critical part of transforming economies and societies worldwide. However, access to AI is not equal. Some countries, particularly developed states, have experienced important levels of development aided by AI. As AI becomes increasingly present in innovation and economic growth, the “AI divide” threatens to deepen existing inequalities, increase the development gap, and limit equitable innovation. Without action, developing countries face further exploitation and inequality. Digital infrastructure, expertise, and availability are all crucial to growth in the digital age. Addressing the AI divide requires investments in infrastructure, education, and training. Furthermore, ethical standards for AI use are crucial to ensure its sustainability in the future. Delegates in CSTD are tasked with examining the causes and consequences of the AI divide, researching strategies for equitable development, and developing frameworks for sustainable growth.

The transition to renewable energy and sustainable technology has significantly increased the need for critical minerals such as cobalt, lithium, and rare earth minerals. These materials are essential for the development of batteries and clean energy infrastructure. Critical minerals are at the center of the green transition but also present a threat to environments and societies. Mining has been tied to environmental degradation. Specifically, deforestation, water pollution, and biodiversity have been rampant. This issue particularly impacts the Global South, home to large deposits of critical minerals. Weak regulatory frameworks in these areas can lead to unsafe labor practices, economic exploitation, and unequal access to minerals. This is compounded by the environmental impact on surrounding ecosystems and communities. A lack of transparency from mining companies and countries extracting critical minerals furthers the issues, taking advantage of the lack of regulation and oversight in many Global South countries. Delegates on this committee must balance the importance of green technology and renewable energy with the harmful impact extraction holds for the Global South.